Constructivism
Definition: "Constructivism is the view that meaningful learning is the active creation of knowledge structures rather than a mere transferring of objective knowledge from one person to another" (Snowman et al, 2009, p.28).
Theorists: Dewey, Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner (K Lein, n.d).
Information:
- Constructivism teaches learners to pose questionsand find the answers (McInerney & McInerney, 2006).
- Knowledge is constructed from experience (B Mergel, 1998).
- "Constructivism is often applied in an elearning context through real world simulations, collaborations with other students, and by giving the learners access to point-of-need knowledge and responses" (K Lein, n.d)
Behaviourism
Definition: Good and Brophy, 1990 (as cited by Mergel, 1998) state that behaviourism focuses upon studying observable and measurable overt behaviours.
Theorists: Watson, Thorndike, Skinner and Pavlov (K Lein, n.d).
Information:
- "... based on the fact that organisms respond to their environments in particular ways to obtain or avoid particular consequences" (Snowman et al, 2009, p.227).
- Using behaviourism in elearning involves the implementation of small steps, and the integration of feedback- both positive and negative (K Lein, n.d).
Cognitivism
Definition: Developed in response to behaviourism, deals with the thought processes behind the behaviour (Mergel, 1998).
Theorists: Gagne, Briggs, and Bruner (K Lein, n.d).
Information:
- Focuses on the development of schema to aid learning (Mergel, 1998).
- In elearning, cognitive theories involve using schema or mental maps to sort and organise content or materials (K Lein, n.d).
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